Characterization of occupational participation in athletes with disabilities practicing boccia

Abstract

Introduction: Boccia is an adapted sport for individuals with severe physical disabilities, promoting the development of motor, cognitive, and social skills. However, in Chile, there is limited research on the characteristics of athletes and the factors influencing their occupational participation in this sport. Objective: To characterize the occupational participation of athletes with disabilities practicing boccia in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, and crosssectional study conducted in 2024 in three boccia clubs in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. Seventeen athletes with motor disabilities, aged 18 years or older and with at least six months of practice, participated. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Results: The majority of athletes were male, with ages between 35 and 44 years. The primary motivation for starting boccia was the recommendation of healthcare professionals. Athletes trained more intensively in sports clubs (around 5 hours per week) than at home. A strong sense of belonging, commitment, and motivation was noted. Although accessibility and social support are important, economic barriers and lack of adapted transportation limit participation. Participants reported satisfaction with their achievements, the social support received, and the lack of involvement in other activities. Conclusions: Boccia represents a meaningful occupation for individuals with physical disabilities, contributing to their overall well-being. Training in clubs strengthens commitment; however, economic barriers and limited infrastructure impact the sustainability of the sport.